WAF Release - 2025-03-22 - Emergency
| Ruleset | Rule ID | Legacy Rule ID | Description | Previous Action | New Action | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cloudflare Managed Ruleset | 100739 | Next.js - Auth Bypass - CVE:CVE-2025-29927 | N/A | Disabled | This is a New Detection |
New updates and improvements at Cloudflare.
| Ruleset | Rule ID | Legacy Rule ID | Description | Previous Action | New Action | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cloudflare Managed Ruleset | 100739 | Next.js - Auth Bypass - CVE:CVE-2025-29927 | N/A | Disabled | This is a New Detection |
Update: Mon Mar 24th, 11PM UTC: Next.js has made further changes to address a smaller vulnerability introduced in the patches made to its middleware handling. Users should upgrade to Next.js versions 15.2.4, 14.2.26, 13.5.10 or 12.3.6. If you are unable to immediately upgrade or are running an older version of Next.js, you can enable the WAF rule described in this changelog as a mitigation.
Update: Mon Mar 24th, 8PM UTC: Next.js has now backported the patch for this vulnerability ↗ to cover Next.js v12 and v13. Users on those versions will need to patch to 13.5.9 and 12.3.5 (respectively) to mitigate the vulnerability.
Update: Sat Mar 22nd, 4PM UTC: We have changed this WAF rule to opt-in only, as sites that use auth middleware with third-party auth vendors were observing failing requests.
We strongly recommend updating your version of Next.js (if eligible) to the patched versions, as your app will otherwise be vulnerable to an authentication bypass attack regardless of auth provider.
This rule is opt-in only for sites on the Pro plan or above in the WAF managed ruleset.
To enable the rule:
34583778093748cc83ff7b38f472013e)This will enable the WAF rule and block requests with the x-middleware-subrequest header regardless of Next.js version.
For users on the Free plan, or who want to define a more specific rule, you can create a Custom WAF rule to block requests with the x-middleware-subrequest header regardless of Next.js version.
To create a custom rule:
next-js-CVE-2025-29927x-middleware-subrequest header exists per the rule expression below.(len(http.request.headers["x-middleware-subrequest"]) > 0)
We've made a WAF (Web Application Firewall) rule available to all sites on Cloudflare to protect against the Next.js authentication bypass vulnerability ↗ (CVE-2025-29927) published on March 21st, 2025.
Note: This rule is not enabled by default as it blocked requests across sites for specific authentication middleware.
14.2.26 and 15.2.4. Earlier, interim releases did not fully patch this vulnerability.11.1.4 to 13.5.6) did not originally have a patch available, but this the patch for this vulnerability and a subsequent additional patch have been backported to Next.js versions 12.3.6 and 13.5.10 as of Monday, March 24th. Users on Next.js v11 will need to deploy the stated workaround or enable the WAF rule.The managed WAF rule mitigates this by blocking external user requests with the x-middleware-subrequest header regardless of Next.js version, but we recommend users using Next.js 14 and 15 upgrade to the patched versions of Next.js as an additional mitigation.
Smart Placement is a unique Cloudflare feature that can make decisions to move your Worker to run in a more optimal location (such as closer to a database). Instead of always running in the default location (the one closest to where the request is received), Smart Placement uses certain “heuristics” (rules and thresholds) to decide if a different location might be faster or more efficient.
Previously, if these heuristics weren't consistently met, your Worker would revert to running in the default location—even after it had been optimally placed. This meant that if your Worker received minimal traffic for a period of time, the system would reset to the default location, rather than remaining in the optimal one.
Now, once Smart Placement has identified and assigned an optimal location, temporarily dropping below the heuristic thresholds will not force a return to default locations. For example in the previous algorithm, a drop in requests for a few days might return to default locations and heuristics would have to be met again. This was problematic for workloads that made requests to a geographically located resource every few days or longer. In this scenario, your Worker would never get placed optimally. This is no longer the case.
We are excited to announce that AI Gateway now supports real-time AI interactions with the new Realtime WebSockets API.
This new capability allows developers to establish persistent, low-latency connections between their applications and AI models, enabling natural, real-time conversational AI experiences, including speech-to-speech interactions.
The Realtime WebSockets API works with the OpenAI Realtime API ↗, Google Gemini Live API ↗, and supports real-time text and speech interactions with models from Cartesia ↗, and ElevenLabs ↗.
Here's how you can connect AI Gateway to OpenAI's Realtime API ↗ using WebSockets:
import WebSocket from "ws";
const url =
"wss://gateway.ai.cloudflare.com/v1/<account_id>/<gateway>/openai?model=gpt-4o-realtime-preview-2024-12-17";
const ws = new WebSocket(url, {
headers: {
"cf-aig-authorization": process.env.CLOUDFLARE_API_KEY,
Authorization: "Bearer " + process.env.OPENAI_API_KEY,
"OpenAI-Beta": "realtime=v1",
},
});
ws.on("open", () => console.log("Connected to server."));
ws.on("message", (message) => console.log(JSON.parse(message.toString())));
ws.send(
JSON.stringify({
type: "response.create",
response: { modalities: ["text"], instructions: "Tell me a joke" },
}),
);Get started by checking out the Realtime WebSockets API documentation.
We're excited to introduce the Cloudflare Zero Trust Secure DNS Locations Write role, designed to provide DNS filtering customers with granular control over third-party access when configuring their Protective DNS (PDNS) solutions.
Many DNS filtering customers rely on external service partners to manage their DNS location endpoints. This role allows you to grant access to external parties to administer DNS locations without overprovisioning their permissions.
Secure DNS Location Requirements:
Mandate usage of Bring your own DNS resolver IP addresses ↗ if available on the account.
Require source network filtering for IPv4/IPv6/DoT endpoints; token authentication or source network filtering for the DoH endpoint.
You can assign the new role via Cloudflare Dashboard (Manage Accounts > Members) or via API. For more information, refer to the Secure DNS Locations documentation ↗.
In Cloudflare Terraform Provider ↗ versions 5.2.0 and above, dozens of resources now have proper drift detection. Before this fix, these resources would indicate they needed to be updated or replaced — even if there was no real change. Now, you can rely on your terraform plan to only show what resources are expected to change.
This issue affected resources ↗ related to these products and features:
In the Cloudflare Terraform Provider ↗ versions 5.2.0 and above, sensitive properties of resources are redacted in logs. Sensitive properties in Cloudflare's OpenAPI Schema ↗ are now annotated with x-sensitive: true. This results in proper auto-generation of the corresponding Terraform resources, and prevents sensitive values from being shown when you run Terraform commands.
This issue affected resources ↗ related to these products and features:
Document conversion plays an important role when designing and developing AI applications and agents. Workers AI now provides the toMarkdown utility method that developers can use to for quick, easy, and convenient conversion and summary of documents in multiple formats to Markdown language.
You can call this new tool using a binding by calling env.AI.toMarkdown() or the using the REST API endpoint.
In this example, we fetch a PDF document and an image from R2 and feed them both to env.AI.toMarkdown(). The result is a list of converted documents. Workers AI models are used automatically to detect and summarize the image.
import { Env } from "./env";
export default {
async fetch(request: Request, env: Env, ctx: ExecutionContext) {
// https://pub-979cb28270cc461d94bc8a169d8f389d.r2.dev/somatosensory.pdf
const pdf = await env.R2.get("somatosensory.pdf");
// https://pub-979cb28270cc461d94bc8a169d8f389d.r2.dev/cat.jpeg
const cat = await env.R2.get("cat.jpeg");
return Response.json(
await env.AI.toMarkdown([
{
name: "somatosensory.pdf",
blob: new Blob([await pdf.arrayBuffer()], {
type: "application/octet-stream",
}),
},
{
name: "cat.jpeg",
blob: new Blob([await cat.arrayBuffer()], {
type: "application/octet-stream",
}),
},
]),
);
},
};This is the result:
[
{
"name": "somatosensory.pdf",
"mimeType": "application/pdf",
"format": "markdown",
"tokens": 0,
"data": "# somatosensory.pdf\n## Metadata\n- PDFFormatVersion=1.4\n- IsLinearized=false\n- IsAcroFormPresent=false\n- IsXFAPresent=false\n- IsCollectionPresent=false\n- IsSignaturesPresent=false\n- Producer=Prince 20150210 (www.princexml.com)\n- Title=Anatomy of the Somatosensory System\n\n## Contents\n### Page 1\nThis is a sample document to showcase..."
},
{
"name": "cat.jpeg",
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"format": "markdown",
"tokens": 0,
"data": "The image is a close-up photograph of Grumpy Cat, a cat with a distinctive grumpy expression and piercing blue eyes. The cat has a brown face with a white stripe down its nose, and its ears are pointed upright. Its fur is light brown and darker around the face, with a pink nose and mouth. The cat's eyes are blue and slanted downward, giving it a perpetually grumpy appearance. The background is blurred, but it appears to be a dark brown color. Overall, the image is a humorous and iconic representation of the popular internet meme character, Grumpy Cat. The cat's facial expression and posture convey a sense of displeasure or annoyance, making it a relatable and entertaining image for many people."
}
]See Markdown Conversion for more information on supported formats, REST API and pricing.
| Ruleset | Rule ID | Legacy Rule ID | Description | Previous Action | New Action | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cloudflare Managed Ruleset | 100736 | Generic HTTP Request Smuggling | N/A | Disabled | This is a New Detection |
📝 We've renamed the Agents package to agents!
If you've already been building with the Agents SDK, you can update your dependencies to use the new package name, and replace references to agents-sdk with agents:
# Install the new package
npm i agents# Remove the old (deprecated) package
npm uninstall agents-sdk
# Find instances of the old package name in your codebase
grep -r 'agents-sdk' .
# Replace instances of the old package name with the new one
# (or use find-replace in your editor)
sed -i 's/agents-sdk/agents/g' $(grep -rl 'agents-sdk' .)All future updates will be pushed to the new agents package, and the older package has been marked as deprecated.
We've added a number of big new features to the Agents SDK over the past few weeks, including:
cors: true when using routeAgentRequest to return permissive default CORS headers to Agent responses.useAgentChat bug fixes for passing headers/credentials, including properly clearing cache on unmount./schedule module with a prompt/schema for adding scheduling to your app (with evals!).zod schema to be compatible with the limitations of Google's Gemini models by removing the discriminated union, allowing you to use Gemini models with the scheduling API.We've also fixed a number of bugs with state synchronization and the React hooks.
// via https://github.com/cloudflare/agents/tree/main/examples/cross-domain
export default {
async fetch(request, env) {
return (
// Set { cors: true } to enable CORS headers.
(await routeAgentRequest(request, env, { cors: true })) ||
new Response("Not found", { status: 404 })
);
},
};// via https://github.com/cloudflare/agents/tree/main/examples/cross-domain
export default {
async fetch(request: Request, env: Env) {
return (
// Set { cors: true } to enable CORS headers.
(await routeAgentRequest(request, env, { cors: true })) ||
new Response("Not found", { status: 404 })
);
},
} satisfies ExportedHandler<Env>;We've added a new @unstable_callable() decorator for defining methods that can be called directly from clients. This allows you call methods from within your client code: you can call methods (with arguments) and get native JavaScript objects back.
// server.ts
import { unstable_callable, Agent } from "agents";
export class Rpc extends Agent {
// Use the decorator to define a callable method
@unstable_callable({
description: "rpc test",
})
async getHistory() {
return this.sql`SELECT * FROM history ORDER BY created_at DESC LIMIT 10`;
}
}// server.ts
import { unstable_callable, Agent, type StreamingResponse } from "agents";
import type { Env } from "../server";
export class Rpc extends Agent<Env> {
// Use the decorator to define a callable method
@unstable_callable({
description: "rpc test",
})
async getHistory() {
return this.sql`SELECT * FROM history ORDER BY created_at DESC LIMIT 10`;
}
}// client.tsx
const { call } = useAgent({ agent: "rpc" });
const fetchUserHistory = async () => {
try {
setLoading(true);
// Call methods directly on the Agent!
const result = await call("getHistory");
addToast(`RPC result: ${result}`, "success");
} catch (error) {
addToast(`Error: ${error}`, "error");
} finally {
setLoading(false);
}
};We've fixed a number of small bugs in the agents-starter ↗ project — a real-time, chat-based example application with tool-calling & human-in-the-loop built using the Agents SDK. The starter has also been upgraded to use the latest wrangler v4 release.
If you're new to Agents, you can install and run the agents-starter project in two commands:
# Install it
$ npm create cloudflare@latest agents-starter -- --template="cloudflare/agents-starter"
# Run it
$ npm run startYou can use the starter as a template for your own Agents projects: open up src/server.ts and src/client.tsx to see how the Agents SDK is used.
We've heard your feedback on the Agents SDK documentation, and we're shipping more API reference material and usage examples, including:
useAgent, useAgentChat and the new @unstable_callable RPC decorator exposed by the SDK.Note that the Agents SDK is continually growing: the type definitions included in the SDK will always include the latest APIs exposed by the agents package.
If you're still wondering what Agents are, read our blog on building AI Agents on Cloudflare ↗ and/or visit the Agents documentation to learn more.
Now, API Shield automatically labels your API inventory with API-specific risks so that you can track and manage risks to your APIs.
View these risks in Endpoint Management by label:
...or in Security Center Insights:
API Shield will scan for risks on your API inventory daily. Here are the new risks we're scanning for and automatically labelling:
In addition, API Shield has two new 'beta' scans for Broken Object Level Authorization (BOLA) attacks. If you're in the beta, you will see the following two labels when API Shield suspects an endpoint is suffering from a BOLA vulnerability:
We are currently accepting more customers into our beta. Contact your account team if you are interested in BOLA attack detection for your API.
Refer to the blog post ↗ for more information about Cloudflare's expanded posture management capabilities.
Radar has expanded its security insights, providing visibility into aggregate trends in authentication requests, including the detection of leaked credentials through leaked credentials detection scans.
We have now introduced the following endpoints:
/leaked_credential_checks/summary/{dimension}: Retrieves summaries of HTTP authentication requests distribution across two different dimensions./leaked_credential_checks/timeseries_groups/{dimension}: Retrieves timeseries data for HTTP authentication requests distribution across two different dimensions.The following dimensions are available, displaying the distribution of HTTP authentication requests based on:
compromised: Credential status (clean vs. compromised).bot_class: Bot class (human vs. bot).Dive deeper into leaked credential detection in this blog post ↗ and learn more about the expanded Radar security insights in our blog post ↗.
A new GA release for the Android Cloudflare One Agent is now available in the Google Play Store ↗. This release includes a new feature allowing team name insertion by URL during enrollment, as well as fixes and minor improvements.
Changes and improvements
A new GA release for the iOS Cloudflare One Agent is now available in the iOS App Store ↗. This release includes a new feature allowing team name insertion by URL during enrollment, as well as fixes and minor improvements.
Changes and improvements
| Ruleset | Rule ID | Legacy Rule ID | Description | Previous Action | New Action | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cloudflare Managed Ruleset | 100725 | Fortinet FortiManager - Remote Code Execution - CVE:CVE-2023-42791, CVE:CVE-2024-23666 | Log | Block | ||
| Cloudflare Managed Ruleset | 100726 | Ivanti - Remote Code Execution - CVE:CVE-2024-8190 | Log | Block | ||
| Cloudflare Managed Ruleset | 100727 | Cisco IOS XE - Remote Code Execution - CVE:CVE-2023-20198 | Log | Disabled | Fixed action value in changelog; no rule changes. | |
| Cloudflare Managed Ruleset | 100728 | Sitecore - Remote Code Execution - CVE:CVE-2024-46938 | Log | Block | ||
| Cloudflare Managed Ruleset | 100729 | Microsoft SharePoint - Remote Code Execution - CVE:CVE-2023-33160 | Log | Block | ||
| Cloudflare Managed Ruleset | 100730 | Pentaho - Template Injection - CVE:CVE-2022-43769, CVE:CVE-2022-43939 | Log | Block | ||
| Cloudflare Managed Ruleset | 100700 | Apache SSRF vulnerability CVE-2021-40438 | N/A | Block |
Workers AI is excited to add 4 new models to the catalog, including 2 brand new classes of models with a text-to-speech and reranker model. Introducing:
Pricing is available for each of these models on the Workers AI pricing page.
This docs update includes a few minor bug fixes to the model schema for llama-guard, llama-3.2-1b, which you can review on the product changelog.
Try it out and let us know what you think! Stay tuned for more models in the coming days.
You can now access bindings
from anywhere in your Worker by importing the env object from cloudflare:workers.
Previously, env could only be accessed during a request. This meant that
bindings could not be used in the top-level context of a Worker.
Now, you can import env and access bindings such as secrets
or environment variables in the
initial setup for your Worker:
import { env } from "cloudflare:workers";
import ApiClient from "example-api-client";
// API_KEY and LOG_LEVEL now usable in top-level scope
const apiClient = ApiClient.new({ apiKey: env.API_KEY });
const LOG_LEVEL = env.LOG_LEVEL || "info";
export default {
fetch(req) {
// you can use apiClient or LOG_LEVEL, configured before any request is handled
},
};Additionally, env was normally accessed as a argument to a Worker's entrypoint handler,
such as fetch.
This meant that if you needed to access a binding from a deeply nested function,
you had to pass env as an argument through many functions to get it to the
right spot. This could be cumbersome in complex codebases.
Now, you can access the bindings from anywhere in your codebase
without passing env as an argument:
// helpers.js
import { env } from "cloudflare:workers";
// env is *not* an argument to this function
export async function getValue(key) {
let prefix = env.KV_PREFIX;
return await env.KV.get(`${prefix}-${key}`);
}For more information, see documentation on accessing env.
You can now retry your Cloudflare Pages and Workers builds directly from GitHub. No need to switch to the Cloudflare Dashboard for a simple retry!
Let\u2019s say you push a commit, but your build fails due to a spurious error like a network timeout. Instead of going to the Cloudflare Dashboard to manually retry, you can now rerun the build with just a few clicks inside GitHub, keeping you inside your workflow.
For Pages and Workers projects connected to a GitHub repository:
Learn more about Pages Builds and Workers Builds.
Magic Firewall now supports a new managed list of Cloudflare IP ranges. This list is available as an option when creating a Magic Firewall policy based on IP source/destination addresses. When selecting "is in list" or "is not in list", the option "Cloudflare IP Ranges" will appear in the dropdown menu.
This list is based on the IPs listed in the Cloudflare IP ranges ↗. Updates to this managed list are applied automatically.
Note: IP Lists require a Cloudflare Advanced Network Firewall subscription. For more details about Cloudflare Network Firewall plans, refer to Plans.
We've released the next major version of Wrangler, the CLI for Cloudflare Workers — wrangler@4.0.0. Wrangler v4 is a major release focused on updates to underlying systems and dependencies, along with improvements to keep Wrangler commands consistent and clear.
You can run the following command to install it in your projects:
npm i wrangler@latestyarn add wrangler@latestpnpm add wrangler@latestbun add wrangler@latestUnlike previous major versions of Wrangler, which were foundational rewrites ↗ and rearchitectures ↗ — Version 4 of Wrangler includes a much smaller set of changes. If you use Wrangler today, your workflow is very unlikely to change.
A detailed migration guide is available and if you find a bug or hit a roadblock when upgrading to Wrangler v4, open an issue on the cloudflare/workers-sdk repository on GitHub ↗.
Going forward, we'll continue supporting Wrangler v3 with bug fixes and security updates until Q1 2026, and with critical security updates until Q1 2027, at which point it will be out of support.
You can now debug your Workers tests with our Vitest integration by running the following command:
vitest --inspect --no-file-parallelismAttach a debugger to the port 9229 and you can start stepping through your Workers tests. This is available with @cloudflare/vitest-pool-workers v0.7.5 or later.
Learn more in our documentation.
We’re removing some of the restrictions in Email Routing so that AI Agents and task automation can better handle email workflows, including how Workers can reply to incoming emails.
It's now possible to keep a threaded email conversation with an Email Worker script as long as:
EmailMessage event.References list. We stop accepting replies to emails with more than 100 References entries to prevent abuse or accidental loops.Here's an example of a Worker responding to Emails using a Workers AI model:
import PostalMime from "postal-mime";
import { createMimeMessage } from "mimetext";
import { EmailMessage } from "cloudflare:email";
export default {
async email(message, env, ctx) {
const email = await PostalMime.parse(message.raw);
const res = await env.AI.run("@cf/meta/llama-2-7b-chat-fp16", {
messages: [
{
role: "user",
content: email.text ?? "",
},
],
});
// message-id is generated by mimetext
const response = createMimeMessage();
response.setHeader("In-Reply-To", message.headers.get("Message-ID")!);
response.setSender("agent@example.com");
response.setRecipient(message.from);
response.setSubject("Llama response");
response.addMessage({
contentType: "text/plain",
data:
res instanceof ReadableStream
? await new Response(res).text()
: res.response!,
});
const replyMessage = new EmailMessage(
"<email>",
message.from,
response.asRaw(),
);
await message.reply(replyMessage);
},
} satisfies ExportedHandler<Env>;See Reply to emails from Workers for more information.
| Ruleset | Rule ID | Legacy Rule ID | Description | Previous Action | New Action | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cloudflare Managed Ruleset | 100731 | Apache Camel - Code Injection - CVE:CVE-2025-27636 | N/A | Block | This is a New Detection |
You can now access environment variables and
secrets on process.env
when using the nodejs_compat compatibility flag.
const apiClient = ApiClient.new({ apiKey: process.env.API_KEY });
const LOG_LEVEL = process.env.LOG_LEVEL || "info";In Node.js, environment variables are exposed via the global process.env object. Some libraries
assume that this object will be populated, and many developers may be used to accessing variables
in this way.
Previously, the process.env object was always empty unless written to in Worker code. This could
cause unexpected errors or friction when developing Workers using code previously written for Node.js.
Now, environment variables,
secrets, and version metadata
can all be accessed on process.env.
To opt-in to the new process.env behaviour now, add the nodejs_compat_populate_process_env compatibility flag to your
wrangler.json configuration:
{
// Rest of your configuration
// Add "nodejs_compat_populate_process_env" to your compatibility_flags array
"compatibility_flags": ["nodejs_compat", "nodejs_compat_populate_process_env"],
// Rest of your configurationcompatibility_flags = [ "nodejs_compat", "nodejs_compat_populate_process_env" ]After April 1, 2025, populating process.env will become the default behavior when both nodejs_compat is enabled and
your Worker's compatibility_date is after "2025-04-01".
| Ruleset | Rule ID | Legacy Rule ID | Description | Previous Action | New Action | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cloudflare Managed Ruleset | 100722 | Ivanti - Information Disclosure - CVE:CVE-2025-0282 | Log | Block | This is a New Detection | |
| Cloudflare Managed Ruleset | 100723 | Cisco IOS XE - Information Disclosure - CVE:CVE-2023-20198 | Log | Block | This is a New Detection |