--- title: Metrics and analytics description: Inspect D1 query volume, latency, and storage size via the dashboard or GraphQL Analytics API. image: https://developers.cloudflare.com/dev-products-preview.png --- > Documentation Index > Fetch the complete documentation index at: https://developers.cloudflare.com/d1/llms.txt > Use this file to discover all available pages before exploring further. [Skip to content](#%5Ftop) # Metrics and analytics **Last reviewed:** 8 months ago D1 exposes database analytics that allow you to inspect query volume, query latency, and storage size across all and/or each database in your account. The metrics displayed in the [Cloudflare dashboard ↗](https://dash.cloudflare.com/) charts are queried from Cloudflare’s [GraphQL Analytics API](https://developers.cloudflare.com/analytics/graphql-api/). You can access the metrics [programmatically](#query-via-the-graphql-api) via GraphQL or HTTP client. ## Metrics D1 currently exports the below metrics: | Metric | GraphQL Field Name | Description | | ---------------------- | ----------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | Read Queries (qps) | readQueries | The number of read queries issued against a database. This is the raw number of read queries, and is not used for billing. | | Write Queries (qps) | writeQueries | The number of write queries issued against a database. This is the raw number of write queries, and is not used for billing. | | Rows read (count) | rowsRead | The number of rows read (scanned) across your queries. See [Pricing](https://developers.cloudflare.com/d1/platform/pricing/) for more details on how rows are counted. | | Rows written (count) | rowsWritten | The number of rows written across your queries. | | Query Response (bytes) | queryBatchResponseBytes | The total response size of the serialized query response, including any/all column names, rows and metadata. Reported in bytes. | | Query Latency (ms) | queryBatchTimeMs | The total query response time, including response serialization, on the server-side. Reported in milliseconds. | | Storage (Bytes) | databaseSizeBytes | Maximum size of a database. Reported in bytes. | Metrics can be queried (and are retained) for the past 31 days. ### Row counts D1 returns the number of rows read, rows written (or both) in response to each individual query via [the Workers Binding API](https://developers.cloudflare.com/d1/worker-api/return-object/). Row counts are a precise count of how many rows were read (scanned) or written by that query. Inspect row counts to understand the performance and cost of a given query, including whether you can reduce the rows read [using indexes](https://developers.cloudflare.com/d1/best-practices/use-indexes/). Use query counts to understand the total volume of traffic against your databases and to discern which databases are actively in-use. Refer to the [Pricing documentation](https://developers.cloudflare.com/d1/platform/pricing/) for more details on how rows are counted. ## View metrics in the dashboard Per-database analytics for D1 are available in the Cloudflare dashboard. To view current and historical metrics for a database: 1. In the Cloudflare dashboard, go to the **D1** page. [ Go to **D1 SQL database** ](https://dash.cloudflare.com/?to=/:account/workers/d1) 2. Select an existing D1 database. 3. Select the **Metrics** tab. You can optionally select a time window to query. This defaults to the last 24 hours. ## Query via the GraphQL API You can programmatically query analytics for your D1 databases via the [GraphQL Analytics API](https://developers.cloudflare.com/analytics/graphql-api/). This API queries the same datasets as the Cloudflare dashboard, and supports GraphQL [introspection](https://developers.cloudflare.com/analytics/graphql-api/features/discovery/introspection/). D1's GraphQL datasets require an `accountTag` filter with your Cloudflare account ID and include: * `d1AnalyticsAdaptiveGroups` * `d1StorageAdaptiveGroups` * `d1QueriesAdaptiveGroups` ### Examples To query the sum of `readQueries`, `writeQueries` for a given `$databaseId`, grouping by `databaseId` and `date`: ``` query D1ObservabilitySampleQuery( $accountTag: string! $start: Date $end: Date $databaseId: string ) { viewer { accounts(filter: { accountTag: $accountTag }) { d1AnalyticsAdaptiveGroups( limit: 10000 filter: { date_geq: $start, date_leq: $end, databaseId: $databaseId } orderBy: [date_DESC] ) { sum { readQueries writeQueries } dimensions { date databaseId } } } } } ``` [Run in GraphQL API Explorer](https://graphql.cloudflare.com/explorer?query=I4VwpgTgngBAIgRgPICMDOkBuBDFBLAGzwBcoBlbAWwAcCwBFcaACgCgYYASbAYx4HsQAO2IAVbAHMAXDDTEIeIRICE7LnOwRiMuNmJg1nMEIAmOvQY6cTe3NgwBJM7PmKJrAJQwA3msx4wAHdIHzUOXgFhYjRmADNCfQgZbxgIwRFxaS40qMyYAF8vXw4SmBMEAEEhbAIoYjweNAqbanrMMABxCEFqGLDSmCJKEhkEAAYJsf7S+IJE5LKLAH0JMGAZTg0tABpF-SW6da5jE12bYjtHZ2tbFHswJwLpkv4IE0gAISgZAG1zsCWcAAomQAMIAXWeRWeHDQIEooQGAwgYGwJkYkACaBhJUCCn0GIUYGxSI4+RxJjwlGMaDw-CEaERpI4-xxLNu9ycOPJSJ5JT55PyQA&variables=N4IghgxhD2CuB2AXAKmA5iAXCAggYTwHkBVAOWQH0BJAERABoQBnRMAJ0SxACYAGbgGwBaXgFYRAdgYgApvAAmXPoJHjeADmnywrAEZgmMqouwAlAKIAFADL5zFAOpVkACWp0AvkA) To query both the average `queryBatchTimeMs` and the 90th percentile `queryBatchTimeMs` per database: ``` query D1ObservabilitySampleQuery2( $accountTag: string! $start: Date $end: Date $databaseId: string ) { viewer { accounts(filter: { accountTag: $accountId }) { d1AnalyticsAdaptiveGroups( limit: 10000 filter: { date_geq: $start, date_leq: $end, databaseId: $databaseId } orderBy: [date_DESC] ) { quantiles { queryBatchTimeMsP90 } dimensions { date databaseId } } } } } ``` [Run in GraphQL API Explorer](https://graphql.cloudflare.com/explorer?query=I4VwpgTgngBAIgRgPICMDOkBuBDFBLAGzwBcoBlbAWwAcCwBFcaAJgAoAoGGAEmwGM+AexAA7YgBVsAcwBcMNMQh4RUgISceC7BGJy42YmA3cwIgCZ6DRrtzMHc2DAEkL8xcqnsAlDADeGzDwwAHdIPw0ufiFRYjRWADNCQwg5Xxgo4TFJWR4MmJcYAF8ffy4ymDMEAEERbAIoYjw+NCq7akbMMABxCGFqOIjymCJKEjkEAAYpicHyxIJk1IqrAH0pMGA5bi0dABplwxW6TZ5TM327YgdnV1t7FEcwAsLZssEIM0gAISg5AG1LmAVnAAKJkADCAF1XiVXlxQNgxIQwGhwkMhqBIFAvgY+AALcR4ShgACyaAACgBOGborgvWkVImmNB4QQiVGlBkHaxcy7XJ5mOFFV70sqil6FIA&variables=N4IghgxhD2CuB2AXAKmA5iAXCAggYTwHkBVAOWQH0BJAERABoQBnRMAJ0SxACYAGbgGwBaXgFYRAdgYgApvAAmXPoJHjeADmnywrAEZgmMqouwAlAKIAFADL5zFAOpVkACWp0AvkA) To query your account-wide `readQueries` and `writeQueries`: ``` query D1ObservabilitySampleQuery3( $accountTag: string! $start: Date $end: Date $databaseId: string ) { viewer { accounts(filter: { accountTag: $accountTag }) { d1AnalyticsAdaptiveGroups( limit: 10000 filter: { date_geq: $start, date_leq: $end, databaseId: $databaseId } ) { sum { readQueries writeQueries } } } } } ``` [Run in GraphQL API Explorer](https://graphql.cloudflare.com/explorer?query=I4VwpgTgngBAIgRgPICMDOkBuBDFBLAGzwBcoBlbAWwAcCwBFcaAZgAoAoGGAEmwGM+AexAA7YgBVsAcwBcMNMQh4RUgISceC7BGJy42YmA3cwIgCZ6DRrtzMHc2DAEkL8xcqnsAlDADeGzDwwAHdIPw0ufiFRYjRWADNCQwg5Xxgo4TFJWR4MmOyYAF8ffy4ymDMEAEERbAIoYjw+NCq7akbMMABxCGFqOIjymCJKEjkEAAYpicHyxIJk1IqrAH0pMGA5bi0dABplwxW6TZ5TM327YgdnV1t7FEcwFyLZmBLXrjQQSnChoYgwNgzIxIEE0B8ysElIYQUowOC-lxCq9keVUS9CkA&variables=N4IghgxhD2CuB2AXAKmA5iAXCAggYTwHkBVAOWQH0BJAERABoQBnRMAJ0SxACYAGbgGwBaXgFYRAdgYgApvAAmXPoJHjeADmnywrAEZgmMqouwAlAKIAFADL5zFAOpVkACWp0AvkA) ## Query `insights` D1 provides metrics that let you understand and debug query performance. You can access these via GraphQL's `d1QueriesAdaptiveGroups` or `wrangler d1 insights` command. D1 captures your query strings to make it easier to analyze metrics across query executions. [Bound parameters](https://developers.cloudflare.com/d1/worker-api/prepared-statements/#guidance) are not captured to remove any sensitive information. Note `wrangler d1 insights` is an experimental Wrangler command. Its options and output may change. Run `wrangler d1 insights --help` to view current options. | Option | Description | | ----------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | | \--timePeriod | Fetch data from now to the provided time period (default: 1d). | | \--sort-type | The operation you want to sort insights by. Select between sum and avg (default: sum). | | \--sort-by | The field you want to sort insights by. Select between time, reads, writes, and count (default: time). | | \--sort-direction | The sort direction. Select between ASC and DESC (default: DESC). | | \--json | A boolean value to specify whether to return the result as clean JSON (default: false). | | \--limit | The maximum number of queries to be fetched. | To find top 3 queries by execution count: Terminal window ``` npx wrangler d1 insights --sort-type=sum --sort-by=count --limit=3 ``` ``` ⛅️ wrangler 3.95.0 ------------------- ------------------- 🚧 `wrangler d1 insights` is an experimental command. 🚧 Flags for this command, their descriptions, and output may change between wrangler versions. ------------------- [ { "query": "SELECT tbl_name as name,\n (SELECT ncol FROM pragma_table_list(tbl_name)) as num_columns\n FROM sqlite_master\n WHERE TYPE = \"table\"\n AND tbl_name NOT LIKE \"sqlite_%\"\n AND tbl_name NOT LIKE \"d1_%\"\n AND tbl_name NOT LIKE \"_cf_%\"\n ORDER BY tbl_name ASC;", "avgRowsRead": 2, "totalRowsRead": 4, "avgRowsWritten": 0, "totalRowsWritten": 0, "avgDurationMs": 0.49505, "totalDurationMs": 0.9901, "numberOfTimesRun": 2, "queryEfficiency": 0 }, { "query": "SELECT * FROM Customers", "avgRowsRead": 4, "totalRowsRead": 4, "avgRowsWritten": 0, "totalRowsWritten": 0, "avgDurationMs": 0.1873, "totalDurationMs": 0.1873, "numberOfTimesRun": 1, "queryEfficiency": 1 }, { "query": "SELECT * From Customers", "avgRowsRead": 0, "totalRowsRead": 0, "avgRowsWritten": 0, "totalRowsWritten": 0, "avgDurationMs": 1.0225, "totalDurationMs": 1.0225, "numberOfTimesRun": 1, "queryEfficiency": 0 } ] ``` To find top 3 queries by average execution time: Terminal window ``` npx wrangler d1 insights --sort-type=avg --sort-by=time --limit=3 ``` ``` ⛅️ wrangler 3.95.0 ------------------- ------------------- 🚧 `wrangler d1 insights` is an experimental command. 🚧 Flags for this command, their descriptions, and output may change between wrangler versions. ------------------- [ { "query": "SELECT * From Customers", "avgRowsRead": 0, "totalRowsRead": 0, "avgRowsWritten": 0, "totalRowsWritten": 0, "avgDurationMs": 1.0225, "totalDurationMs": 1.0225, "numberOfTimesRun": 1, "queryEfficiency": 0 }, { "query": "SELECT tbl_name as name,\n (SELECT ncol FROM pragma_table_list(tbl_name)) as num_columns\n FROM sqlite_master\n WHERE TYPE = \"table\"\n AND tbl_name NOT LIKE \"sqlite_%\"\n AND tbl_name NOT LIKE \"d1_%\"\n AND tbl_name NOT LIKE \"_cf_%\"\n ORDER BY tbl_name ASC;", "avgRowsRead": 2, "totalRowsRead": 4, "avgRowsWritten": 0, "totalRowsWritten": 0, "avgDurationMs": 0.49505, "totalDurationMs": 0.9901, "numberOfTimesRun": 2, "queryEfficiency": 0 }, { "query": "SELECT * FROM Customers", "avgRowsRead": 4, "totalRowsRead": 4, "avgRowsWritten": 0, "totalRowsWritten": 0, "avgDurationMs": 0.1873, "totalDurationMs": 0.1873, "numberOfTimesRun": 1, "queryEfficiency": 1 } ] ``` To find top 10 queries by rows written in last 7 days: Terminal window ``` npx wrangler d1 insights --sort-type=sum --sort-by=writes --limit=10 --timePeriod=7d ``` ``` ⛅️ wrangler 3.95.0 ------------------- ------------------- 🚧 `wrangler d1 insights` is an experimental command. 🚧 Flags for this command, their descriptions, and output may change between wrangler versions. ------------------- [ { "query": "SELECT * FROM Customers", "avgRowsRead": 4, "totalRowsRead": 4, "avgRowsWritten": 0, "totalRowsWritten": 0, "avgDurationMs": 0.1873, "totalDurationMs": 0.1873, "numberOfTimesRun": 1, "queryEfficiency": 1 }, { "query": "SELECT * From Customers", "avgRowsRead": 0, "totalRowsRead": 0, "avgRowsWritten": 0, "totalRowsWritten": 0, "avgDurationMs": 1.0225, "totalDurationMs": 1.0225, "numberOfTimesRun": 1, "queryEfficiency": 0 }, { "query": "SELECT tbl_name as name,\n (SELECT ncol FROM pragma_table_list(tbl_name)) as num_columns\n FROM sqlite_master\n WHERE TYPE = \"table\"\n AND tbl_name NOT LIKE \"sqlite_%\"\n AND tbl_name NOT LIKE \"d1_%\"\n AND tbl_name NOT LIKE \"_cf_%\"\n ORDER BY tbl_name ASC;", "avgRowsRead": 2, "totalRowsRead": 4, "avgRowsWritten": 0, "totalRowsWritten": 0, "avgDurationMs": 0.49505, "totalDurationMs": 0.9901, "numberOfTimesRun": 2, "queryEfficiency": 0 } ] ``` Note The quantity `queryEfficiency` measures how efficient your query was. It is calculated as: the number of rows returned divided by the number of rows read. Generally, you should try to get `queryEfficiency` as close to `1` as possible. Refer to [Use indexes](https://developers.cloudflare.com/d1/best-practices/use-indexes/) for more information on efficient querying. ```json {"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"item":{"@id":"/directory/","name":"Directory"}},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"item":{"@id":"/d1/","name":"D1"}},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"item":{"@id":"/d1/observability/","name":"Observability"}},{"@type":"ListItem","position":4,"item":{"@id":"/d1/observability/metrics-analytics/","name":"Metrics and analytics"}}]} ```